What do we do here at VH International Business Solutions?

Simply put: We help international and domestic companies establish their business presence in the business capital of the World: New York City! The Big Apple! The Empire State! The crossroads of the World!

VH International Business Solutions initially offered its services to the local market. With the proliferation of consumer Internet access, the Company was the first in New York City to offer NYC virtual office services interactively via the World Wide Web. With this success, VH International Business Solutions established an instant business-to-business worldwide access to the New York market making available for the first time New York City virtual office services for organizations of all sizes, from the independent entrepreneur to enterprise-level Fortune 500 companies.

Today VH International Business Solutions offers a comprehensive suite of executive office and business support services that can be tailor-made and bring about a meaningful difference for any company of any size in the world. We pride ourselves on service that is reliable, efficient and competitively priced all backed by our celebrated no-nonsense world class customer service. Our mission is to ensure our clients get the service they deserve and are entitled to.

Our 20 years of service add up to strength, experience, and reliability. Offering unbeatable service to individuals, small and mid sized local companies; as well as larger domestic and international firms seeking to establish a presence in the U.S., and particularly in the New York market. As the pioneer of interactive web-based virtual office services in New York City, we are the leader and have the most expertise in working with local and global businesses when entering the New York marketplace. While others emphasize services, we emphasize service.

Since our inception, 20 years ago, our focus on customer service has never wavered. We understand our client’s specific needs; there is no such thing as one solution for all. Because we offer client support staffed by seasoned professionals, whether you are an independent professional or a business, we are highly capable to deliver timely solutions again and again with a very satisfied customer rating.

By always staying in touch with our client base, we have also been able to anticipate their needs and grow with their business. That’s one of the major reasons why we have been so successful. We very much look forward to the next 20 years.

Today, VH International Business Solutions offers personalized services globally to individuals and companies in fields as diverse as financial consulting, government agencies, authors, artists, importers, exporters, manufacturers, distributors, attorneys, accountants, consultants, agents, record labels, movie theater chains, business professionals, etc. Whether their objective is to gain a market foothold or expand current marketing opportunities, our clients benefit from the unique blend of personalized services developed over the past 20 years; combined with an address that confers credibility. Let’s face it, having a New York City address may actually help a business grow!

By establishing a presence in what is undoubtedly one of the most renown cities in the world, our clients enjoy an address with an international flavor, arising from the wide variety of New Yorkers who are either of foreign origin, or who do business with countries outside the United States.

VH International Business Solutions’ hands-on management oversees the company’s daily support of businesses located in New York and throughout the world. Our dedicated staff ensures that VH International Business Solutions‘ clients receive the prompt, courteous and accurate service that they require, and to which they are entitled.

We are all very proud of this accomplishment and grateful to our clients and employees who helped get us here.

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Searching for new home business ideas has been a common phrase searched on search engines lately. Being that the economy is not in the best of shape many unemployed and employed people are searching for other options to escape the commute, alarm clocks, their boss, day care and Mondays. Finding new home business ideas can be as easy as following some of the suggestions mentioned.

When searching for a new home business idea, first you need to think about yourself. What is it you like to do? What skills do you have? Using any of the skills that you have and providing a service to local business owners, can become a new home business idea. By using professional computer skills, you could design menu’s for local restaurants, design flyers for businesses, write articles to promote a business. Create a filing system for a not so organized business. It’s basically going out and free lancing your services. Being that the market and consumer demand continue to change, keeping up with business trends can help your new home business ideas be successful. So it is important to be adjustable and acquire the skills needed for your business to provide you an income.

Make sure to do market research on your new home business ideas or services you plan on providing. Needing to find out what businesses are in your area can be as simple as joining or volunteering for your local Chamber of Commerce. Chamber of Commerce offices are always looking for volunteers and what better way to get to know business owners? Of course you would want to volunteer first then get to know business owners and then see what businesses are in need of special services. Later when your new home business ideas begin to kick up you can join the Chamber yourself as a business. Make sure when researching your market to determine the competition and the demand of your new home business ideas. Talk to business owners, ask questions. Converse with the Chamber Director as to what service’s he sees business owners not being able to receive.

Thanks to the internet and of course the computer, there are many ways to start a business with little to no money. Many people who have successful home based businesses began with a shoe string budget. Today we can identify article marketing, affiliate marketing, social media marketing and e-mail marketing as new home business ideas with low cost. With article marketing you can promote any type of business,
a online business and a local business. It is with affiliate marketing that the internet is big on. The numbers of online shopping are increasing year after year causing businesses to search for people willing to work from home to promote their business by offering affiliate programs. Face book and My space are social sites loaded with advertising, it is what makes social sites free. The advertisers pay for it and get huge sales from them. E-mail marketing is what it is, you can e-mail people about sales or discounts. Beginning new home business ideas with low cost is possible.

Now we know that E-bay and Amazon were the hottest trends on the internet some what 5 years ago and they are still a way to make money from home. The hottest new
home business ideas are: Video Marketing, SEO (Search Engine Optimization), Article Marketing and Social Media Marketing. What it all amounts to is that Internet Marketing in any form is a great home business ideas

Many people are searching for new products to sell online. Maybe your one of those people set in their ways and want to continue selling E-bay and Amazon, maybe you have your own website or store, do drop shipping and these are the types of new home business idea’s you are searching for. Find out what is hot and selling by opening up your e-bay account and chose a category, now choose a category within a category, now on your left scroll down to preferences and under show only, click “completed listings”. This will list only items that have been bought, what people are buying. If it is internet marketing that you want more new home business ideas for, you can get more information by following additional links provided for you.

Let’s go back to review, what we learned on new home business ideas. We learned that we need to get better skills if we don’t have what we need to start our own business. We need to do market research on the new home business ideas we came up with, the competition and demand. What kind of low cost businesses we can start from home. You have been shown a few of the hottest new business trends. Finally you have also received information on some ways to see what to sell online and what people are buying.

Well, first of all Advertising tells people about the products and services.  Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services, and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising, which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. Indeed, many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising, which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products.

In this context let me remind you that a wise man once said, “The person who saves money by not advertising is like the man who stops the clock to save time.” In today’s fast-paced, high-tech age, businesses have to use some form of advertising to make prospects aware of their products and services.

It a matter of common knowledge, that even a famous company like Coca-Cola continually spends money on advertising to support recognition of their products. In 1986 Coca-Cola spent over 0 million to keep its name at the first page of public’s eye. So the question isn’t whether or not you can afford to advertise, you simply must if you want your business to succeed. Advertising is an investment in your business’s future. And like any investment, it’s important to find out as much as you can before you make a decision.

Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements, and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources, and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company. The most talented advertising people generally prefer to work for agencies rather then individual companies as this gives them the chance to work on a variety of advertising accounts (contracts to advertise products or services). It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff.

The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget; a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign, known as a brief; and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan specifying which media – newspapers, magazines, radio, television, cinema, posters, mail, a sandwich board man (the cheapest one), any kind of sponsorship & etc. – will be used and in which proportions. (On television and radio, ads are often known as commercials.)

The agency’s media planners have to decide what percentage of the target market they want to reach (how many people will be exposed to the ads) and the number of times they are likely to see them. Advertising people talk about frequency or ‘OTS’ (opportunities to see) and the threshold effect – the point at which advertising becomes effective. The choice of advertising media is generally strongly influenced by the comparative cost of reaching 1,000 members of the target audience, the cost per thousand (often abbreviated to CPM, using the Roman numeral for 1,000). The timing of advertising campaigns depends on factors such as purchasing frequency and buyer turnover (new buyers entering the market).

How advertising differs from other outside purchases. It is intended to add value to the product after manufacture, by increasing the consumer’s perception of its value.

It cannot be equated with the raw materials that go into a product. There is a great difference between them:

Buying specification – In Adv. it is broad and subjective; Raw Mat. – detailed and objective.

Correct amount to buy – In Adv. it is not known; Raw materials – exactly known.

Now I feel like saying about advertising expenditure. Advertising is a much more important cost ingredient in some markets than in others. Based on numbers from the USA, which accounts for over 50% of world advertising expenditure, toys have the highest ratio of advertising spending to sales, followed by cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Car and office-equipment manufacturers both spend quite large absolute sums of money on advertising.

“I know that half of my advertising budget is wasted, but I am not sure which half” -  is a comment that was made many years ago and has now passed into advertising folklore. Accountants particularly enjoy repeating it.

How much to spend on advertising is always problematic. Some companies use the comparative-parity method – they simply match their competitors’ spending, thereby avoiding advertising wars. Others set their ad budget at a certain percentage of current sales   revenue. But both these methods disregard the fact that increased ad spending can increase current sales. On the other hand, excessive advertising is counter-productive because after too many exposures people tend to stop noticing ads or begin to find them irritating.

As soon as every company, which aim is to get successes on the market spends a certain amount of money on advertising, it has come under the watchful eye of many critics. Most of their dis­approval centers around several complaints, which have, in some cases, lead to reg­ulation.

One common complaint concerns the high cost of-advertising, which many believe causes higher product prices. Many critics overlook the fact that advertising helps develop a mass market for products, which in turn reduces the unit price. Another common complaint is that much advertising is offensive or in poor taste. For example, many people find it offensive to hear commercials about per­sonal problems. Many critics accuse advertising of sometimes being false and misleading. Most people agree that advertising should be allowed a certain degree of puffery or le­gitimate artistic license. Finally, some critics charge that advertising programs people to buy the things they don’t need at all, to purchase merchandise they cannot afford and often really do not need. True but only to a degree. As Abraham Maslow claimed, our wants and needs are never completely fulfilled. Thus, it is human nature to work harder for the money to purchase those things that make life more comfortable.

The criticism that has been leveled at advertising through the years has led to regulation for the industry. There are two types of regulation in advertising: self-reg­ulation and government regulation.

Self-regulation is a healthy attempt by the advertising industry to keep its act clean and to avoid further government regula­tion.

Government regulation of the advertising industry is controlled by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Its re­sponsibility is to protect consumers from unfair and deceptive advertising prac­tices.

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If you are a business enterpreneur who wants to enlarge your customer base for products or services, you can use electronic marketing campaigns.  Evolution of the internet has changed marketing compaigns. Using an effective online advertising method will certainly boost the sales of your company.

Email marketing compaigns are the newest concept in the marketing arena. This strategy involves usage of latest online techniques such as mass mailing services, developing graphics and templates designed for online product promotion, URL promotion etc.

Email newsletter service is also a type of online marketing strategy. Designing a newsletter for a product or service promotion includes several steps such as:

Newsletter topic: The newsletter topic is usually the topic at which the email letter should focus. For example, if you are running a Food and beverages company, then you can mention your company’s products in the promotional letters.

Email Management Solution: You should also choose an effective email management solution for automatic generation of a newsletter format. Email mangement software comprises of several inbuilt letter formats so you can choose a suitable format for developing a newsletter.

Text and Graphics usage: The newsletter should be designed with powerful text lines and graphics or templates, wherever necessary. However, many online marketers prefer to send email letters in plain format with a link at the bottomline of the letter.

Writing an attractive newsletter is not easy. You will need comprehensive study regarding text writing and template designs for this work. By writing a couple of text messages for your business news letter, you can easily become proficient in developing newsletter messages.

An electronic newsletter is like a newsletter printed by a press company. The only difference is that an electronic newsletter is developed by a computer software. Your email news letter should look attractive with precise descriptions about the concerned product or service. People generaly avoid reading email texts that are too stretched or improperly written. You must mention the good features of a targetted product or service of online marketing. You must use an effective mass email software for  sending newsletter in the mail box of the individuals. Faulty bulk message delivery mechanism will send your business letter into the spam folder instead of inbox of the user’s mail accounts

Email marketing campaigns are a powerful tool available for companies to enlarging their customer base. This service allows you to estimate exact figures of new customers who may be interested in the products or services of your company. With careful adoption of an online marketing system, you can get projected sales figures in a targeted market.

In these days of fierce competition, a company has to choose an effective advertising compaign for keeping existing customer base intact. A new company can use this service for exploring the right marketplace for its products or services.

Choosing an internet marketing company will obviously help a business enterprise. Online marketing agencies are well versed with different email marketing tools. You can choose an agency for developing an effective business or personal electronic letter for contacting customers.

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But you can by shopping in an Ethical way. Put simply, this is buying things that are made ethically by companies that act ethically. Buying ethically means buying a brand or from a company which doesn’t exploit labour, animals or the environment. The way in which you can act as an ‘ethical consumer’ can also take on a different form and that is avoiding products (also known as boycotting) you disapprove of such as battery eggs.

GuideMeGreen acts as a unique internet guide, showing you which brands and companies are classed as ethical. For more indepth information see the Good Shopping Guide or the Ethical Consumer magazine.

Why buy ethically?

Everyone needs to go shopping in one way or another. As an ethical consumer, every time you buy something you can make a difference by choosing an ethical product or by buying from an ethical business.

For example, when you buy from a company that doesn’t exploit its workers and provides them with decent working conditions, you are giving the company the funds to continue its ethical behaviour. At the same time, you are no longer buying from a company that exploits its labour with poor pay and often a dangerous working environment. That company then loses business, which may encourage it to change its ways and to look after its workers.

Marks and Spencers the huge retail chain in the UK recently ran an ethical products campaign and said that this was its most successful ever. Many of the big retail companies are now seeing the benefits of offering a range of ethical goods for sale including ethical trainers, ethical shoes and t-shirts.

How do I know it’s ethical?

In general consumers must have confidence that any ‘ethical’ claims that a brand may make conform to certain standards which are independently accredited. Organisations such as the Good Shopping Guide and Ethical Consumer provide an ethical analysis of everyday brands and the companies behind them. The Ethical Marketing group publishes the Good Shopping Guide, updated annually, grading hundreds of companies according to their policies on 15 ethical issues.

Working to promote ethical shopping, The Ethical Company Organisation enables consumers to easily compare the Corporate Social Responsibility records of hundreds of companies and brands.

The Ethical Company Organisation’s Research Department monitors the ethical records of hundreds of different companies across 15 criteria including environmental records, human rights, animal welfare and involvement in the arms trade. This involves working with hundreds of ethical consumers, progressive companies and NGOs on a range of research and publishing programmes.

For example, next time you are buying clothes, the good shopping guide recommends that you buy from HUG and avoid Nike.

Find Ethical products via GuideMeGreen’s ethical directory

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10 Career Change Myths

Career Myth#1:

You can’t make a living doing something you really, truly love.This is the grand-daddy of career myths, the belief that you can’t have a “practical” career doing something that you were passionate about. It has to be one or the other.

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This myth is rooted in fear. Fear that we have to sacrifice our happiness to make a living. Don’t buy the myth that you can’t earn a living by doing what you love.When I first started coaching, I heard from plenty of people that it would be very difficult to make a living doing this work. I just decided to find coaches who were successful, and to learn from them (simple, eh?).If you find yourself buying into this myth, consider this question – As you look back on your life, what will you regret more? Following your passion or following your fears?

Career Myth#2:

It’s a tough job market/economyEven when the newspapers and other news sources say that unemployment numbers remain steady, that job growth is at a standstill, or that we’re experiencing slow economic recovery, not to mention downsizing and outsourcing, don’t believe it.It’s a myth because it doesn’t reflect the whole story, the fact that that it’s a different job market today. It’s a changing economy.

How we transition from job-to-job is different. Hiring practices have shifted. So the job market has changed, but that doesn’t necessarily make it tougher. What makes it tougher is that we’ve been slower to change. We’ve held on to old practices and old behaviors. That’s not to say that old ways still don’t work, but they’re just not as effective.
So I challenge you to just believe that it’s a perfect job market for you to find work. I’ve had my college students try this, just for a week, and, more times than not, several of them find job leads or make important connections during the week.

Career Myth #3:

Changing careers is riskyWhat’s riskier than leaving what you know to pursue the unknown? Changing careers means leaving behind a piece of your identity – your “I’m a lawyer” response to the “what-do-you-do?” question. It might mean admitting to yourself that you made a mistake with an initial career choice. Or it might mean acknowledging that you’re unsure of what’s next. And smart people always know what’s next, right?
Nope.

Successful career changers often don’t have a plan. In Working Identity: How Successful Career Changers Turn Fantasy into Reality by Herminia Ibarra, she provided evidence that waiting until you have a plan is actually riskier than just doing and experimenting.Nothing, absolutely nothing, is riskier than not changing careers if you’re longing to do so. Here’s why: The longing won’t go away. It will always be there, under the surface, waiting for you to do something about it.

Career Myth #4:

Always have a back-up plan,Sometimes having a back-up plan is the smart and prudent course of action. Back-up plans are so grown-up and responsible. But what happens when you’re standing with one foot in and one foot out? In my experience, we usually close the door and retreat. We are reluctant to commit to ourselves, and we end up denying ourselves the satisfaction of playing full-out, getting dirty and sweaty.

We end up with feelings of regret and the nagging “What if?” question.Back-up plans diffuse our energy. Diffused energy equals diffused results. Give all that you’ve got to your dream/passion/risk and you’ve got a better chance of being successful.

Career Myth #5:

There’s a perfect job out there for everyone
How long have you been searching for yours? You just know, deep inside, that there’s an ideal job that’s perfect for you out there. It matches your personality, skills, and interests to a tee. And it pays well. If only you could figure it out. If only you knew what it was.Is there a perfect job out there for you? No. And here’s the good news – there are more jobs than you can imagine that would be “perfect” for you.

Chances are you’ve even come very, very close to a few of those perfect jobs already. So what happened? And how do you recognize one of these so-called “perfect jobs”?Ever see the perfect gift for someone, but it was months till his or her birthday? Then when you go to find the item later, you can’t. Another lost opportunity and you, once again, berate yourself for not buying it when you first saw it.

So maybe you’ve run into a perfect job in the past, but because of the timing, you passed by the opportunity. Or maybe you were so focused on something else, that you missed an obvious clue. Instead of dwelling on the past, which you can’t change, vow to keep your eyes open and to look beyond the obvious.

Career Myth #6:

Asking “What’s the best thing for me to do?” is the right question
This is one of the most common questions asked when considering a career change or a career move. It seems like a logical analysis – weigh the pros and cons and evaluate the balance.Do not ask yourself this question!! It rarely leads you to the answers you’re seeking.

It will lead you to feeling overwhelmed with options (sound familiar?), or feeling like you have to choose what’s practical over what seems to be impractical.The question that will lead you to answers is simple (but not easy!!) It is “What do I really want to do?” This is a very different question than “what’s best?”

Career Myth #7:

If you don’t like your job, you’re probably in the wrong career
Cause and effect, right? One way to tell if you’re in the right career is whether or not you like your job. If you’re dissatisfied with your job, it’s probably a sign that you need to re-examine your whole career choice. This is frequently what I hear from new clients who have decided to work with a career coach. They know something isn’t right because they don’t like their jobs. Their natural assumption is that their dissatisfaction is a symptom of a larger underlying issue – their career choice.

This is an example of false logic. Not liking your job might be telling you you’re in the wrong job. It doesn’t necessarily mean you’re in the wrong career. It doesn’t even mean you’re in the wrong job. You could just be working for the wrong person or the wrong company. It takes a skillful approach to discern the source of discontent, and I think it’s very hard to do it on your own (shameless plug for career coaches here!)

Career Myth #8:

Everyone needs a mission statement
Do you know what your mission is? Mission statements are supposed to guide us, keep us on track, and help us move forward. But what if you don’t have one? Does that mean you’re destined to never fulfill your potential career-wise?A client who was a successful professional contacted me because she was at a career crossroads. She felt that if only she could find her mission in life, she would know which career path to take.

She had a clear goal for coaching – find her mission! Instead, the most amazing thing happened. She decided that she didn’t need a mission. She chose to trust that she was already fulfilling her mission statement, even though she didn’t know what it was. After the client shifted her focus from finding her mission to living her life, an amazing opportunity came her way and she pursued it.Here’s a little tip:

If your mission statement is elusive, stop chasing it. Be still and let it find you. And in the meantime, keep living your life and see what happens.

Career Myth #9:

Expect a career epiphany ,When you see a link to “Find Your Dream Job,” do you immediately click on it to see what’s there? Do you look at every “Top Ten Career” list out there to see if anything catches your interest? Do you know your MBTI type? If you do, you might be falling prey to the career epiphany myth.

I’d love, love, love it if most of my clients had a career epiphany that indicated to them, in crystal-clear terms, their next step. Instead, I see career “unfoldings” or a journey of discovery much more regularly. That is, being willing to not ignore the obvious, the pokes, the prods, and listen carefully to the whisper within. Yep, forget harp music and angels, for most of us, the career epiphany is a quiet whisper.

Career Myth #10:

Ignoring your career dissatisfaction will make it go awayOh, if only this worked in the long run!! Granted, it does work at first. When you find yourself beginning to question your career, you’ll find it’s rather easy to push the thoughts aside and pretend they aren’t there. You know what I’m talking about: the “what ifs” and the list of regrets.

Over time, the random thoughts become nagging thoughts. You spend more and more time daydreaming about options. You build your list of reasons to ignore your growing career dissatisfaction:

You’re too old.You don’t want to take a pay cut.You don’t want to go back to school.You missed your opportunity 5, 10, 15 years ago.With clients in this situation, we work on identifying and challenging these fears. Sometimes the fear of change remains, but there becomes a greater commitment to living than to feeling the fear.Challenge So now that you know that one or all of these myths have been holding you back, what are you waiting for?

10 Career Change Myths

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The study of business ethics and its implications for different stakeholders have seen tremendous growth in the past few decades. There has also been a rise in the use and development of codes of ethics and announcements for ethical practices by many firms; however companies are still criticized for their unethical practices at different levels (Papers4you.com, 2006). Business ethics, according to the literature has been entrenched with the philosophical details of Ethics (Trevino & Nelson, 1999). Ethics has been defined as ‘the activity of examining the moral standards of a society, and asking how these standards apply to ones life and whether these standards are reasonable’ (Velasquez, 1998; p. 11).

The literature on business ethics is divided on its views about the motivation and reason for businesses to have an ethical dimension. Drawing upon Harrison (2001), there are two major schools of thoughts, firstly those who suggest that firms are profit generating institutions and therefore business ethics is yet another way to attract customers, secondly those who support corporate conscience and intrinsic motivation for the adoption of business ethics.

Business ethics has been considered very subjective in nature and according to Paul (2001) is considered a function of time and culture. It has been established that with the passage of time business ethics have evolved and also that the cultural values and norms drive business ethics within national and regional boundaries. One of the major studies regarding the national values has been conducted by Hofstede (1983). According to this research, which was only based on four indicators i.e. individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity, there is a great deal of differences among values across different nations and consequently the business ethics. Globalization combined with standardization has made businesses financially efficient but at the same time poses questions regarding the standardized codes of business ethics across national boundaries.

Vinten (1991) has divided the business ethical issues at different levels i.e. international business, domestic business and professional ethics. At the international level ethical issues include free-masonry and socialism versus capitalism; at domestic level these include religious dimensions, social marketing and ethical education; and lastly at the individual level these include bribery, corruption and data protection (Papers4you.com, 2006).

There are many reasons and criticisms for the failure of adoption of ethics in the business world. Firstly, the concept is considered to be overly theoretical and it also negates the basic purpose of any business i.e. to create shareholder’s wealth. Secondly, it has lack of direction and unanimity across different cultures and academic groups. Lastly, it has many inherent unresolved dichotomies that according to Sternberg (1994) make it a case of rejected relativism.

References:

Harrison, J. (2001), Ethics for Australian Business, Prentice-Hall, French’s Forest

Hofstede, G. (1983), The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.75-89

Papers For You (2006) “S/B/92. What distinguishes ethical from unethical business activity and how significant are the principles of business ethics in modern business?”, Available from http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/sprtbus21.htm [17/06/2006]

Papers For You (2006) “S/B/49. ‘Should businesses strive to be ethical?’ Critically Discuss”, Available from Papers4you.com [18/06/2006]

Paul, S. (2001), Cultural and Business Ethics, Cross Cultural Management: An international Journal, Volume 8 No. 1, pp 22-35

Sternberg, E. (1994), Relativism rejected: the possibility of transnational business ethics, in Hoffman, W.M., Kamm, J.B., Frederick, R.E., Petry, E.S. Jr (Eds), National Conference on Business Ethics. Proceedings from the 9th Conference on Business Ethics Sponsored by the Centre for Business Ethics at Bentley College, Quorum Books, New York, NY, pp.143-50

Trevino, L.K., Nelson, K.A. (1999), Managing Business Ethics: Straight Talk about How to Do It Right, 2nd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY

Velasquez, M.G. (1998), Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, 4th ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

Vinten, G. (1991), Business Ethics: Busybody or Corporate Conscience?, Managerial Auditing Journal, Volume 5, Number 2, pp. 123-144

Professor Dr. Werner Krieglstein (College of DuPage) giving a lecture for his class Ethics 1110. This is Part 1 of 2. Part 2 can be found at: www.youtube.com For more info on Dr. Werner Krieglstein and his philosophy, Transcendental Perspectivism please visit his official website at: www.perspectivism.com . More links related to this field can be found at: www.perspectivism.com . You can also read more about Werner on Wikipedia at: en.wikipedia.org . To contact Dr. Krieglstein for more information or to invite him to speak at a specific conference or event please: www.perspectivism.com .

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products and services carried out primarily to drive sales of the products and services but also to build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable amount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising some of which are as follows:

Increasing the sales of the product/service Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image. Communicating a change in the existing product line. Introduction of a new product or service. Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company.

Thus, several reasons for advertising and similarly there exist various media which can be effectively used for advertising. Based on these criteria there can be several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising:
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Print Advertising – Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers

The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising space according to the area occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications. For instance an advertisement in a relatively new and less popular newspaper would cost far less than placing an advertisement in a popular newspaper with a high readership. The price of print ads also depend on the supplement in which they appear, for example an advertisement in the glossy supplement costs way higher than that in the newspaper supplement which uses a mediocre quality paper.

Outdoor Advertising – Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events
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Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention of the passers by. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company’s products. Organizing several events or sponsoring them makes for an excellent advertising opportunity. The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. For instance a company that manufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its products.

Broadcast advertising – Television, Radio and the Internet
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Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced. The cost of television advertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast (prime time/peak time), and of course the popularity of the television channel on which the advertisement is going to be broadcasted. The radio might have lost its charm owing to the new age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers. The radio jingles have been very popular advertising media and have a large impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact that many people still remember and enjoy the popular radio jingles.

Covert Advertising – Advertising in Movies

Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand or the product is subtly( or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show. Some of the famous examples for this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on Tom Cruise’s phone in the movie Minority Report, or the use of Cadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded.

Surrogate Advertising – Advertising Indirectly

Surrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law. Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products that might have the same brand name and indirectly remind people of the cigarettes or beer bottles of the same brand. Common examples include Fosters and Kingfisher beer brands, which are often seen to promote their brand with the help of surrogate advertising.

Public Service Advertising – Advertising for Social Causes

Public service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an effective communication medium to convey socially relevant messaged about important matters and social welfare causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on. David Oglivy who is considered to be one of the pioneers of advertising and marketing concepts had reportedly encouraged the use of advertising field for a social cause. Oglivy once said, “Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest – it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes.”. Today public service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes. In USA, the radio and television stations are granted on the basis of a fixed amount of Public service advertisements aired by the channel.

Celebrity Advertising

Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that still bank upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products. Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebrities for advertising campaigns, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements.

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In these highly sophisticated epochs of advanced technologies and state of the art facilities, the sheer multiplicity of career options in front of scholars from all over the globe is sure to strand you at crossroads as to which career path to pursue in the near future. It should not come to you as a great surprise if you find students bewildered over the question as to which top careers to pick from. It should also be reckoned that new career prospects sprout up virtually day after day.

Let us talk about the top careers that are in the lime light and how to go about if you intend to pursue them. Amid the top careers, some of the much sought after alternatives are pursuing IT careers or Marketing careers. While IT careers require you to be an engineering graduate, Marketing careers call upon MBA degree as a prerequisite. Marketing careers are distinguished all over the globe for their rewarding nature and high paying benefits in the current corporate scenario.

The utter overabundance of career options extended by a degree in MBA will unquestionably sweep you off your feet; thus, one have to be very cautious while paving the way for a secure and satisfying career. When it comes to marketing careers, these alternatives are very exciting wherein the vocation put forth an assortment of challenges which are constructive and progressive for the one pursuing it.

However with the new age clients being more demanding and aware, those looking forward to pursue marketing careers have to keep themselves up to date with the newest developments taking place in the arena of customer satisfaction and in view of that have to brace themselves aptly.  First rate communication skills and a keen eye for recognizing predicaments of customers are some of the much sought after traits which are looked for in any individual chipping in for marketing careers.

Let us overview some of the marketing careers, some of the posts which you can view to fill in are: – Operations Manager, Brand Manager, Inventory Manager, Human Resources (HR) Manager, International Business Manager, Logistics Manager, Store/ Retail Manager, Management Consultant, Sales Manager, Market Research Manager, Public Relations Manager, Marketing Manager, Project Manager, Product Development Manager, and a lot more.

In today’s times IT careers are also emerging as the most preferred option as now a day MNCs and large blue chip corporations are looking for industry ready and skilled experts. The flexible working culture and apt opportunities for growth along with timely promotions make IT careers more alluring and lucrative.

Some of the most sought after IT career positions are as follows: – Web Developer, Animator, Web Design, Communication Managers, Web Master, Computer and Information System Managers, Unmanned Vehicle Operations Specialist, Computer Engineer, Chief Information Officer, Computer Forensics, Systems Operators, Video Game Designer, Systems Analyst, Computer Graphic Specialists, Software Tester, Computer Hardware Engineer, Software Developer, Computer Programmer, Robotics Engineer, Computer Security Professional, Network Systems Analyst, Computer Software Engineer, Medical Informatics, Computer Systems Manager, Internet System Administrator, Cryptanalyst, Internet Professional, Database Developer, Information Technology Specialist, Games Programmer, Software Quality Assurance Engineer, etc.